Wednesday, October 30, 2019
Carbon sequestraion and climate change lab Assignment
Carbon sequestraion and climate change lab - Assignment Example Release of carbon dioxide into the water lowers water pH. Elodea photosynthesizes only when it is exposed to light but respiration is constant because the plant will always require energy. The effect of respiration, however, does not overly influence the pH since aquatic plants have a low energy requirement (Lal). 3. Amount of light penetrating the water is a limiting factor to terrestrial carbon sequestration by aquatic plants. For the aquatic plants to be able to sequester the carbon, light is needed to facilitate the process of photosynthesis. Another limiting factor is the amount of aquatic plants in the water. Aquatic plants sequester carbon when they are alive and when they die, the organic matter that is rich in carbon remains in the dead matter (Lal). As aquatic plant coverage increases, therefore, so does the terrestrial sequestration that accompanies it. The population of aquatic life feeding on the aquatic plants also determines the amount of carbon that aquatic plants can sequester. In the aquatic ecosystem, the aquatic plants are at the base of the food chain. The size of the subsequent food level will determine the population of the plants that will remain available to sequester carbon. 1. Accuracy and precision of measurements in the experiment is influenced by the process of estimation. An estimate is subjective in nature, and is prone to errors because it will depend on the person carrying out the estimate. Individual differences such as height and eyesight will affect the estimates that are made. The same tree will, therefore, have different height estimates for different individuals. Estimating wood volume of branches is also introduces errors to the experiment because branches are not perfect cylinders. The diameter of a tree branch reduces as you move from the stem to the branches; the calculations do not account for this
Monday, October 28, 2019
Reading Comprehension Essay Example for Free
Reading Comprehension Essay Robots serve as entertainers, servers, greeters and receptionists at the Dalu Robot restaurant. Service with a smile also comes with an electronic voice at the Dalu Robot restaurant, where the hotpot meals are not as famous yet as the staff who never lose their patience and never take tips. The restaurant, which opened this month in Jinan in northern Shandong province, is touted as Chinas first robot hotpot eatery where robots resembling Star Wars droids circle the room carrying trays of food in a conveyor belt-like system. More than a dozen robots operate in the restaurant as entertainers, servers, greeters and receptionists. Each robot has a motion sensor that tells it to stop when someone is in its path so customers can reach for dishes they want. The service industry in China has not always kept up with the countrys rapid economic growth, and can be quite basic in some restaurants, leading customers in the Dalu restaurant to praise the robots. They have a better service attitude than humans, said Li Xiaomei, 35, who was visiting the restaurant for the first time. Humans can be temperamental or impatient, but they dont feel tired, they just keep working and moving round and round the restaurant all night, Li said. Inspired by space exploration, robot technology and global innovation, the restaurants owner, Zhang Yongpei, said he hopes his restaurant will show the world China is a serious competitor in developing technology. I hope this new concept shows that China is forward-thinking and innovative, Zhang said. As customers enter the dimly lit restaurant lined with blinking neon lights to simulate a futuristic environment, a female robot decorated with batting eyelashes greets people with an electronic welcome. During the meal, crowds of up to 100 customers, are entertained by a dancing and talking robot that looks more like a mannequin with a dress, flapping its arms around in a stiff motion. Zhang said he hopes to roll out 30 robots which cost $6000 each ($NZ8000) in the coming months and eventually develop robots with human-like qualities that serve customers at their table and can walk up and down the stairs.
Saturday, October 26, 2019
Social Issues in Hedda Gabler Essay -- Hedda Gabler Essays
Social Issues in Hedda Gabler It has been suggested that Hedda Gabler is a drama about the individual psyche -- a mere character study. It has even been written that Hedda Gabler "presents no social theme" (Shipley 333). On the contrary, I have found social issues and themes abundant in this work. The character of Hedda Gabler centers around society and social issues. Her high social rank is indicated from the beginning, as Miss Tesman says of Hedda, "General Gabler's daughter. What a life she had in the general's day!" (Ibsen 672). Upon Hedda's first appearance, she makes many snobbish remarks. First, she turns up her nose at George's special handmade slippers. Later she insults Aunt Julie's new hat, pretending to mistake it for the maid's. Hedda seems to abhor everything about George Tesman and his bourgeoisie existence. She demands much more class than he has been able to provide her, for she was the beautiful, charming daughter of General Gabler and deserved nothing but the finest. As the character of Hedda Gabler develops, the reader learns that she has only married George Tesman because her father's passing away left her no significant financial resources, nothing but a respectable heritage. She tells Brack of her decision to marry Tesman: "I really had danced myself out, Judge. My time was up. ... And George Tesman -- he is after all a thoroughly acceptable choice. ... There's every chance that in time he could still make a name for himself. ...It was certainly more than my other admirers were willing to do for me, Judge." (Ibsen 684). Hedda needed someone to support her financially, and George Tesman was the only decent man to propose to her. She was forced to cross beneath her social class and marry this commoner in the hopes that he would make a name for himself as a professor. As for love everlasting, Hedda disgustedly comments to Judge Brack, "Ugh -- don't use that syrupy word!" Rather than having become a happy newlywed who has found true love, "Hedda is trapped in a marriage of convenience" (Shipley 445). Hedda was raised a lady of the upper class, and as such she regards her beauty with high esteem. This is, in part, the reason she vehemently denies the pregnancy for so long. A pregnancy will force her to gain weight and lose her lovely womanly figure. Hedda has grown accustomed to her many admirers; therefore, Hedda is ... ... Lastly, the tile itself represents the social theme of the drama. In using the name Hedda Gabler, despite her marriage to George Tesman, Ibsen has conveyed to the reader the importance of social class. Hedda prefers to identify herself as the daughter of General Gabler, not the wife of George Tesman. Throughout the play she rejects Tesman and his middle class lifestyles, clinging to the honorable past with which her father provided her. This identity as the daughter of the noble General Gabler is strongly implied in the title, Hedda Gabler. In considering the many implications of the social issues as explained above, it can not be denied that the very theme of Hedda Gabler centers on social issues. "Hedda Gabler is ...indirectly a social parable" (Setterquist 166). Works Cited 1. Ibsen, Henrik. Hedda Gabler. The Bedford Introduction to Drama. Ed. Lee A. Jacobus. 3rd ed. Boston: Bedford Books, 1996. 672-709. 2. Setterquist, Jan. Ibsen and the Beginnings of Anglo-Irish Drama. New York: Gordian Press, 1974. 46 - 49, 58 - 59, 82 - 93, 154 - 166. 3. Shipley, Joseph T. The Crown Guide to the World's Great Plays. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1984. 332 - 333.
Thursday, October 24, 2019
IV Lawsuit Essay -- Medicine Healthcare Nursing
Most patients who enter the hospital for care have some form of intravenous therapy during their stay, whether it is in the emergency room or on inpatient floors. IV catheters are vital and are the fastest way to administer life saving medications. At times inserting or replacing a peripheral IV catheter can be challenging especially when the patient has poor circulation or poor venous access. In healthcare today Peripheral IV insertion lawsuits are on the rise due to its invasive character and unanticipated outcomes. In a lawsuit by Sheivia Graves against Brookwood Medical Center in Birmingham â€Å"alleges that a difficult and painful IV start performed by a nurse at Brookwood Medical Corner caused permanent Nerve damages.†(Steinriede (2010) Steinriede (2010) found the following: The nurse who started the infusion first tried the left arm, then the left hand and finally the back of the right hand. As soon as the infusion started, Ms. Graves "began experiencing severe pain in her right hand and [it] caused her to start crying," according to court documents. When Ms. Graves complained to the physician who began infusing anesthetics through the IV, he told her "they were already behind and that she would just have to endure it. Just after the GI exam, Ms. Graves looked at her hand and noticed that it was swollen "like a boxing glove,"(Steinriede, 2010) The hospital was able to argue effectively that other factors that the patient was experiencing at the time such as iron deficiency anemia, ulcerative colitis and fact that patient had received blood transfusions could have also cause nerve damage. (Steinriede, 2010) Also documented by the nurse was that the right arm was swollen prior to the peripheral IV insertion and that she ... ...ws, the awards are based on the determination of the percentage of fault of both parties.†(Evan, M. & Aiken, T., 2009, pp 184) Works Cited Evan, M. & Aiken, T., (2009): Nursing Law and Liability. J.T. Catalano (5th ed.) Nursing Now! Today’s Issues Tomorrows Trends .Philadelphia, PA: F.A.Davis Masoorli, S., (2008) Extravasation: Prevention is the Best Treatment. Nursing Spectrum retrieved from http://news.nurse.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2008304080015 Spader, C., (2006, May 8) IV Insertion-Still a Special Skill. Nursing Spectrum retrieved from http://news.nurse.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2006605080330 Steinriede, K., (2010, November 5) Lawsuit: Did a Painful IV Start Cause Nerve Damage? Patient’s hand was swollen like a boxing glove during GI procedure. Outpatient surgery Magazine retrieved from http://www.outpatientsurgery.net/news/2010/11/5
Wednesday, October 23, 2019
Malcolm Knowles
According to Malcolm Knowles there are four â€Å"distinct contexts†that motivates adults who want to learn. The four contexts are Practical, Personal, Experiential and Idealistic. First we'll start with Practical. Practical motivation describes that the adult learner motivated their self by personal gain. The learner wants to learn something new but at the same time knowing it could be helpful now or later down the road. Personal context is when the learner has personal goals he/she wants to achieve.Experiential context motivation is the time when you want to learn from your past mistakes and use the knowledge you gained for the future challenges the adult learner might encounter. The last learned motivation context is Idealistic. Idealistic motivation is when the learner wants to learn everything instead of one goal at a time. My choice of motivational context is experiential because when I was younger I was troubled. I would run away from home, hit my mom, curse at her, an d hang out with the wrong crowd. You name it and I did it.Eventually she sent me back to live with my dad because she couldn't take it anymore. My dad disciplined me and taught me to respect my elders. Now that I'm an adult, my mother has no respect for me because of what I had done to her in the past. We don't talk unless it's at a family get together like Christmas or Thanksgiving. I remember when I was 15 years old, we lived in Washington State. I ran away for a month and was doing things I shouldn't have been doing. When I went back to my mom's, she told me to pack my bags that I was going to live with my dad.On the way to the airport I called her every name in the book, punched her and jumped out of the car on the freeway. Unfortunately she still sent me on my way to live with my dad. My daughter is already following in my foot steps at the age of six and that's not something I want to happen to her. I can take what happened with my past experience and use what knowledge I gain ed from getting my Bachelor's Degree in Applied Behavioral Science to help the youth with their problems.
Tuesday, October 22, 2019
Cholesterol The Good and Bad Essays
Cholesterol The Good and Bad Essays Cholesterol The Good and Bad Paper Cholesterol The Good and Bad Paper Cholesterol The Good and Bad Cholesterol is the principal sterol for animals and humans alike, consisting of a hydroxyl group, a steroid group, and a hydrocarbon side chain. (htpp://EncyclopediaBritannica.com). It is an insoluble lipid substance produced by the liver and found both in cell membranes and circulating in the blood stream. The name cholesterol is derived from the Greek word chole, which means bile, in conjunction with stereos, also a Greek word that means solid. That is because it was discovered in the 18th century in solid form, as gallstones, by Franà §ois Poulletier de la Salle in 1769. The -ol part in the word is the way alcohol is named in chemistry.  A few years later the chemist Eugà ¨ne Chevreul gave it the name cholesterine. (htpp://EncyclopediaBritannica.com). Cholesterol was correctly synthesized for the first time in 1951 by Robert B. Woodward, an American chemist and Nobel Prize winner, and it has been known to have potentially dangerous health effects as early as the year 1910 (http://science.jrank.org/pages/1454/Cholesterol-History.html) On that year, Russian biologist Nikolai Antischow found plaques of cholesterol on the arterial walls of laboratory rabbits fed a high cholesterol diet. This breakthrough discovery prompted scientists around the world to further study the controversial and elusive role of cholesterol and its relation to heart disease, currently the leader in deaths for both men and women in the Western world. That’s because even though cholesterol is involved in many important metabolic processes, there has been increasingly clear evidence that when present in elevated levels it can lead to Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), stroke, and atherosclerosis. Cholesterol, contrary to its popular image as a potent enemy of health and longevity, is actually a crucial substance that performs innumerable vital functions in the body. Cholesterol is needed for the synthesis of bile acids, which are essential for the absorption of fats, and of many hormones such as testosterone, estrogen, dihydroepiandrosterone, progesterone, and cortisol. Together with sun exposure, cholesterol is required to produce vitamin D. Cholesterol is an essential element of cell membranes, where it provides structural support and may even serve as a protective antioxidant. (Colpo 83) Cholesterol levels are measured in milligrams per deciliter of blood. The desirable levels are 200 mg/dL, while anything over 239 mg/dL is considered high. The imminent connection between CVD and elevated levels of blood cholesterol is that as excessive amounts circulate freely in the blood stream, it accumulates in the arterial walls. When this process continues over the years, the buildup, also called plaque, hardens and therefore narrows the arteries. Calpo mentions that:        The plaques are complex entities with numerous        components, including smooth muscle cells, calcium,        connective tissue, white blood cells, cholesterol,        and fatty acids (84). The result is a reduced volume of blood reaching the heart; blood that is rich in oxygen necessary for its normal function. A heart attack occurs when an artery gets completely blocked. Of particular importance is the Framingham Heart Study started in 1948 under the direction of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the University of Boston. Culminating in 2005 and spanning three generations of thousands of people, it conclusively catalogs hypercholesterolemia as a risk for CVD and other serious health conditions. This study spawned over 1,200 medical research articles published in leading medical journals (Byrne). Still under investigation by the Framingham Heart Study is the direct relationship of low density lipoproteins (LDL), commonly known as â€Å"bad cholesterol†and CVD (framingham.com/heart/). There is mounting evidence that low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) play an important role in the overall health effects of cholesterol:            Because cholesterol is water-insoluble, it must be transported inside lipoproteins. Various types of lipoproteins exist, but the two most abundant are low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). The main function of LDL is to transport cholesterol from the liver to tissues that incorporate it into cell membranes. HDL carries old cholesterol that has been discarded by cells back to the liver for recycling or excretion.(Colpo 83) Based on this information, HDL is considered a benign type of cholesterol, while LDL is feared as the main culprit of increasing the incidence of a large variety of cardiovascular ailments. Optimal LDL levels are 100 mg/dL, and anything over 159 mg/dL is considered high, placing the patient at risk of CVD. On the other hand, because HDL is a type of cholesterol that could prevent heart disease, the higher its levels the better for the patient. Thus, doctors look for numbers at around 60 mg/dL, while blood test results lower than 40 mg/dL might place the patient at an elevated risk of heart disease. Furthermore, there is clear evidence that genetics plays a role in hypercholesterolemia:           The cells of the body contain information, in the form of genes, for the body to make all the necessary structural components and chemicals to ensure normal function. Genes contain the instructions for the way in which cholesterol and other fats are taken into the cells. The LDLR gene contains the instructions for the body to make the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) â€Å"receptor†           (R) that enables the absorption of the LDL into the cell. When this receptor            is not working properly, cholesterol and other fats build-up in the blood,            causing plaques to form and resulting in a susceptibility (predisposition) to            coronary artery disease. (McKusick 298) While McKusick concludes that a very small percentage of the population carries the faulty gene, scientists have been able to confirm that age and gender also play a role in cholesterol levels found in the general population (299). Middle-aged men and women typically notice their cholesterol levels rise, and even though pre-menopausal women maintain lower numbers than men, once they reach menopause their numbers are equal to men. Moreover, most researchers agree that diet has a strong impact on reducing the incidence of high cholesterol. Studies show that consuming high levels of saturated fats and some oils significantly increases the blood levels of LDL cholesterol. Therefore, the current medical recommendations lean toward following a diet low in meat and dairy products, reducing overall fat consumption. Additionally, exercising regularly helps maintain proper weight and reduce cholesterol levels with the added benefit of improving overall cardiovascular health. A diet low in saturated fats and a consistent and age-appropriate exercise program go hand in hand with acceptable cholesterol levels.  Patients with hypercholesterolemia who achieve their ideal weight as a result of diet and exercise typically see a reduction in cholesterol serum levels. Also, bi-yearly check ups are recommended to assess the blood cholesterol levels of patients, as well as to allow the physician to better manage the blood test results (Henkel 24). A typical visit with the doctor includes a follow-up chart of weight and overall heart screening including normal pulse, respiratory capacity and any symptoms indicative of cardiac problems. Blood test results are analyzed for total cholesterol levels as well as individual LDL and HDL levels. Hemoglobin and other blood lipids, such as triglycerides are screened as well. Hemoglobin transports oxygen in the blood, a vital component for a healthy cardiovascular system. Statin drugs are the prescription medicines of choice when diet and exercise are not enough to control hypercholesterolemia. They reduce blood cholesterol by blocking the synthesis HMG coenzyme A reductase, a liver enzyme necessary for producing cholesterol (Colpo 85). Furthermore, Colpo mentions that statins prevent the formation of plaque, and even reverse atherosclerosis, according to studies performed on laboratory rabbits (85). Additionally, and this is very important as it relates to the inflammatory nature of heart attacks, Colpo states that: In research with mice, statins markedly reduce measures of both inflammation and atherosclerosis, despite little change in serum cholesterol levels. In humans, statin therapy produces significant reductions in C-reactive protein, a marker of inflammatory activity that has repeatedly been associated with increased cardiovascular risk (86). Pharmaceutical drugs such as Lipitor and Crestor are widely prescribed nowadays, with additional cardiovascular fringe benefits that go beyond lowering cholesterol levels, as mentioned in the previous paragraph (Colpo 86). The synthesis and metabolism of cholesterol is a complex process that directly affects cardiovascular health. Regardless of family history, exercise, diet, and proper administration of prescription drugs successfully help reduce overall cholesterol levels, including lowering the levels of LDL. However, as with any medical condition, more research is necessary to better understand the complexity of cardiovascular disease and exactly how elevated blood cholesterol and in particular low density and high density lipoproteins affect its onset. Byrne, Kevin P. Understanding and Managing Cholesterol: A Guide for Wellness Professionals. Human Kinetics Books, 1991. Colpo, Anthony. â€Å"LDL Cholesterol: Bad Cholesterol, or Bad Science?†Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons Volume 10 Number 3 (Fall 2005): 85-86. Henkel, John. â€Å"Keeping Cholesterol under Control.†FDA Consumer            Magazine. (January February 1999): 22-24 framingham.com/heart http://info.britannica.com http://science.jrank.org/pages/1454/Cholesterol-History.html McKusick, Dr. Victor A. John Hopkins Directory of Genetics Support            Groups, Services and Information (2006): 298-299
Monday, October 21, 2019
The Death Of Ivan Ilych
The Death Of Ivan Ilych In "The Death of Ivan Ilych"‚ , the setting for this novella begins in the law courts. The second home of the main character Ivan. The story is told to us by explicit authorial comment, as the author is the narrator. Th author also used revelation through dialogue, depicted action, and the dialogue of other characters. It is with all of these methods that Leo Tolstoy reveals to us his and Ivan's feelings about death. A person gets the feeling that Ivan Ilych and Leo Tolstoy were very similar.When the story opens a group of Ivan's colleagues have gathered and they are discussing his death. They reminisce about the man they knew and immediately they all begin to think about the changes and the promotions his death will bring about. You learn that one of these men, Peter Ivanovich, was one of Ivan's closest friends. He and Ivan grew up together and went to law school together as well.IVAN PENEHEThe next scene is at the funeral of Ivan, which is held at his home. It is here that t he author introduces us to Ivan's widow, Praskovya Fedorovna. As the widow talks to Peter she begins by explaining how much Ivan suffered in his last three days. "He screamed unceasingly not for minutes but for hours. For the last three days he screamed incessantly."‚ (40) Just reading this you may think that his wife has some sympathy for her dead husband's suffering. But then she continues, "It was unendurable. I cannot understand how I bore it; you could hear him three rooms off. Oh, what I have suffered!"‚ (40) Now it turns into how much she has suffered. Tolstoy I feel used revelation through dialogue effectively in giving us the feeling that Mrs. Ilych is cold and uncaring. Peter...
Sunday, October 20, 2019
Free Essays on Yoga And Its Benefits
YOGA AND ITS BENEFITS Many health and lifestyle benefits are associated with the practice of Yoga. However, it is impossible to understand the attainment of these benefits without explaining the classical form of Yoga, Ashtanga Yoga, as a way of life, the philosophy it is based on, and the eight methods that makes it up. Yoga is a way of life whose creation and systemization is credited to Maharishi Patanjali. According to Patanjali, the basic idea of yoga is to unite the atma or individual soul with the paramatma or the Universal Soul. According to Yoga philosophy, by cleansing one's mind and controlling one's thought processes one can return to that primeval state, when the individual self was nothing but a part of the Divine Self. This is the sense encapsulated in the term samadhi. The aim of the yogi is to be able to perceive the world in its true light and to accept that truth in its entirety. The term 'yoga' stands for 'union'. A yogi's ultimate aim is to be able to attain this 'union' with the Eternal Self with the help of certain mental and physical exercises. Different schools of thought have been derived from Ashtanga Yoga, but they all adhere to different applications of the Ashtanga discipline, and are all ultimately aimed at liberation of the soul and an understanding of the Divine Un ity. For the purposes of this paper, the understanding of the benefits that can be derived from Yoga, only and in-depth discussion of Ashtanga Yoga is necessary. The Patanjala Yoga philosophy is also known as Ashtanga Yoga and is the practical manifestation of the Sankhya and Vedantic philosophies. It is an attempt to understand the nature of the mind, including â€Å"Its different states of being, impediments to growth, afflictions and the methods of harnessing it for the achievement of absolute self realization†. Sankhya philosophy assigns three functions to the mental body: mind, intelligence and false knowledge. Vedanta a... Free Essays on Yoga And Its Benefits Free Essays on Yoga And Its Benefits YOGA AND ITS BENEFITS Many health and lifestyle benefits are associated with the practice of Yoga. However, it is impossible to understand the attainment of these benefits without explaining the classical form of Yoga, Ashtanga Yoga, as a way of life, the philosophy it is based on, and the eight methods that makes it up. Yoga is a way of life whose creation and systemization is credited to Maharishi Patanjali. According to Patanjali, the basic idea of yoga is to unite the atma or individual soul with the paramatma or the Universal Soul. According to Yoga philosophy, by cleansing one's mind and controlling one's thought processes one can return to that primeval state, when the individual self was nothing but a part of the Divine Self. This is the sense encapsulated in the term samadhi. The aim of the yogi is to be able to perceive the world in its true light and to accept that truth in its entirety. The term 'yoga' stands for 'union'. A yogi's ultimate aim is to be able to attain this 'union' with the Eternal Self with the help of certain mental and physical exercises. Different schools of thought have been derived from Ashtanga Yoga, but they all adhere to different applications of the Ashtanga discipline, and are all ultimately aimed at liberation of the soul and an understanding of the Divine Un ity. For the purposes of this paper, the understanding of the benefits that can be derived from Yoga, only and in-depth discussion of Ashtanga Yoga is necessary. The Patanjala Yoga philosophy is also known as Ashtanga Yoga and is the practical manifestation of the Sankhya and Vedantic philosophies. It is an attempt to understand the nature of the mind, including â€Å"Its different states of being, impediments to growth, afflictions and the methods of harnessing it for the achievement of absolute self realization†. Sankhya philosophy assigns three functions to the mental body: mind, intelligence and false knowledge. Vedanta a...
Saturday, October 19, 2019
Concepts of childhood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Concepts of childhood - Essay Example A number of books on children were published at different time since 1980 and most of these authors acknowledge the difficulty in writing about children. Monographs were used to explore the history of children in many different sub topics. Works of children literature were first seen in the early modern era after a number of women embarked on studying history of childhood. Some scholars investigated the relationship between poverty and children and came up with various conclusions. Different authors wrote on different subjects on matters related to children’s affairs. In addition, scholars have conducted numerous studies on childbirth, pediatrics, and midwifery among others and these works have paved way for other great works by scholars. Cultural studies have also been used to study the history of children. Despite the many works scholars have done on children, there are some neglected areas such as the ancient medieval age. During these years, most children were dependent on non-family members. In my opinion, scholars have done a great job in studying the history of children and bringing a number of factors that affect childhood development into light. With the literatures of these scholars, it is easier to understand and appreciate childhood and do all that it takes to help children develop to be better people in the
Friday, October 18, 2019
Evaluating a Website Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Evaluating a Website - Assignment Example It is for this reason that necessitates one to develop keen evaluation skills in order to discern the credibility of information presented. The website under scrutiny in this paper is owned by Planned Parenthood Federation of America Inc whose content dwells on reproductive health issues. The organization brings together consultants and specialists in reproductive health to offer information and services to millions across the world. As their name suggests, the organization advocates for key rights of individuals irrespective of their income, race, sexual orientation, marital status, or age. In this manner, the organization prides itself in providing comprehensive reproductive health care services while preserving the clients’ rights and privacy. In addition, they host educational programs geared towards enhancing the concept of human sexuality in the society. To achieve these objectives, the organization consists of professionals and specialists in various disciplines within their scope of mandate. Among the specialists are doctors, policy experts, and educators whose advocacy and efforts has seen the organization thrive close to a century now. The incorporation of modern and inclusive methods that are facilitated by qualified personnel in reproductive health services provides a win for the organization. ... This presents a sharp contrast seeing how women receive comprehensive and structured healthcare options linked to the sites. In this sense, it is evident that the organization is targets women offering them solutions to possible conflicts that arise from sexual endeavors. Abortion is a service extensively covered by the website, an aspect that may be viewed negatively by opponents of the action to fuel the ethical debate. Information provided by the organization’s website suggests a hidden agenda considering the manner at which the service is detailed. The site cites abortion as a common occurrence in the United States, providing appalling statistics that can be viewed as advocating for abortion. The author suggests abortion as the most viable option while dealing with unwanted pregnancies in efforts towards achieving planned and sensible societies. The information provided is bound to raise concerns seeing that it appeals to those under the age of 18 to get relevant permissio n in accordance to the law (Planned Parenthoo,d 2013, par.4). This suggests that the organization can readily provide abortion services to the youth provided they meet legal requirements for the procedure. From the critics’ perspective, the organization can be demonstrated to advocate for abortion as a solution among minors, which encourages sexual relations among them. Regardless, the information provided by the website is fairly updated with the current year of publication and hosting. This is characteristic of credited organizations such as Planned Parenthood whose website’s content and publications are based on current research and standard operating procedures. Similarly, various aspects that require expounding on
Ask the Author Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words
Ask the Author - Essay Example They are short and direct sentences. They help to bring out the idea that you are not embarrassed to have a dollhouse in your living room. It sets the stage for the rest of the essay as you embark on recreating your childhood memories and synchronizing them with your current life as you rebuild the dollhouse. The choice of gender and the names for your dolls also aid in understanding the nostalgic tone you employ in the essay. You also employ figurative language and imagery to convey your theme of nostalgia to the audience. For example in the fifth paragraph, you use a simile when emphasizing the need for using scale to make everything in a dollhouse. The audience gets to understand that lack of paying attention to scale in a dollhouse will make it look crazy like an Alice in wonderland hallucination (Haegele). Your description of remodeling the dollhouse is also vivid and the reader can create mental pictures throughout the essay and see you rework the dollhouse. The use of figurati ve language and imagery helps bring out the nostalgic
Thursday, October 17, 2019
Design study on, HER2 overexpression and HER2 glycobiology changes Essay
Design study on, HER2 overexpression and HER2 glycobiology changes - Essay Example In the last years, multiple attempts have been conducted to develop strategies that could actually determine the over-expression of HER 2 positive breast cancer indicators in secondary breast cancer cell line compared to the primary cell line expression and the glycosylation process changes connected. In this regard, breast cancer lines have significantly been used to investigate the cancer pathobiology for new emerging therapies thereby identifying the cancer oncogenesis as a molecular heterogeneous disease (Schwab & Thomson Gale 2008). HER2 over-expression in metastatic breast cancer and O-Glycan changes exhibition has been used in invasive breast cancer in conjunction with the therapy involved for the illness. Therefore, HER-2 issues in metastatic versus primary breast cancer overexpression are associated with the HER-2-positive discovered disorder (Tavani, 2006). The increased prominence of HER-2 overexpression accompanied by glycosylation changes has increased interest in Breast cancer pathobiology researchers and academic learners to focus mainly on the basic theories and explanations for the origin and therapies for this particular condition. Many authors claim that the HER-2 oncogenes have been found to encode a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that is responsible as the central classifier for the targeted therapy and invasive breast cancer disease (Jo & Zeon, 2015). On a broad analysis, the immunohistochemistry, fluorescence and chromogenic in-situ hybridization and the major marketed slide-based HER-2 methods are presented and contrasted broadly against the fundamental background of the HER-2 testing guideline testing (American Society of Clinical Oncology–College of American Pathologists guidelines). The over-expression of the HER2 receptor and glycosylation changes associated with breast cancer
Tenant vs Landlord Case Paper Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1
Tenant vs Landlord Case Paper Review - Essay Example lure to comply fully with all applicable environmental laws, or by reason asserted or actually falling to comply with the provision of the above paragraph. In line to the landlords earlier view, tenant may dispose, handle, use or store those products that contain little quantities of hazardous materials to the extent necessary and for premises use as a general office provided he shall handle, dispose, store, and use them in a lawful and safe manner and does not allow them to contaminate the building, premises, land or the environment. The definition of a hazardous materials clause comes about. This is because the law places the responsibility of hazardous materials on the owner of the property where it was created, disposed, used, spilled and any other involvement with the material that regards the environment. The landlord should consider what kind of business the tenant is engaging in and the past records in regarding hazardous materials. It would be unfair on the side of the tenant because, even if a lease may be industrial or retail, the tenant has to use general office purpose, and will force him to use some equipment that are regarded by the law as hazardous. The tenant can bring things that are hazardous but use them without causing harm to the environment. Restricting him not to bring them is absurd. The landlord’s clause is, therefore, unjust to the tenant. The tenant clause is, therefore, good because it considers that the equipments a business or a resident is dealing with may not be totally free of any hazardous materials. It includes that the tenant shall handle, dispose, store, and use them in a lawful, and safe manner, and does not allow them to contaminate the building, premises, land or the environment. Again the landlord’s clause is limiting the business of the tenant to grow, evolve and transfer from one tenant to another. Being involved in dealing with one thing may lead to the need of complementary goods or services which may be limited
Wednesday, October 16, 2019
Design study on, HER2 overexpression and HER2 glycobiology changes Essay
Design study on, HER2 overexpression and HER2 glycobiology changes - Essay Example In the last years, multiple attempts have been conducted to develop strategies that could actually determine the over-expression of HER 2 positive breast cancer indicators in secondary breast cancer cell line compared to the primary cell line expression and the glycosylation process changes connected. In this regard, breast cancer lines have significantly been used to investigate the cancer pathobiology for new emerging therapies thereby identifying the cancer oncogenesis as a molecular heterogeneous disease (Schwab & Thomson Gale 2008). HER2 over-expression in metastatic breast cancer and O-Glycan changes exhibition has been used in invasive breast cancer in conjunction with the therapy involved for the illness. Therefore, HER-2 issues in metastatic versus primary breast cancer overexpression are associated with the HER-2-positive discovered disorder (Tavani, 2006). The increased prominence of HER-2 overexpression accompanied by glycosylation changes has increased interest in Breast cancer pathobiology researchers and academic learners to focus mainly on the basic theories and explanations for the origin and therapies for this particular condition. Many authors claim that the HER-2 oncogenes have been found to encode a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that is responsible as the central classifier for the targeted therapy and invasive breast cancer disease (Jo & Zeon, 2015). On a broad analysis, the immunohistochemistry, fluorescence and chromogenic in-situ hybridization and the major marketed slide-based HER-2 methods are presented and contrasted broadly against the fundamental background of the HER-2 testing guideline testing (American Society of Clinical Oncology–College of American Pathologists guidelines). The over-expression of the HER2 receptor and glycosylation changes associated with breast cancer
Tuesday, October 15, 2019
Social Forces Shaping Curriculum Planning Assignment
Social Forces Shaping Curriculum Planning - Assignment Example Educational institutions are supposed to there to nurture children of academic excellence as well as mould them to become highly motivated persons of good characters. The world demands that education should be fitted to transform every learner to become leaders and credible of human resource imbued with multi-disciplinary skills and deep understanding of moral values and traditions. The educational curriculum should therefore be designed by improving the universal values and traditions that are consistent to the quest for global peace and human solidary so that they, at an early age, can make or decided with moral choices and will grow to become conflict resolution managers in their respective fields and communities. There is also such need for educational institutions, to be sensitive to the children whose senses of values are gained from irresponsible parents and those whose limited access to education is also compounded with poor value system within the households. Added to these are social realities and forces that have strong influence in the advancement of educative process. Based on reports, the state has decreased the budget of $548 million for 40 states; the pre-K funding per child decreased in an unprecedented by $442 compared to $3,841 last year due to fiscal adjustments; only 15 states are able to maintain quality education; and there are more than 1.3 million learners that are covered under state-funded educational institutions. There is an apparent increase of enrolment too by 10,000 and thus an increase of learners that should be served. Hence, an expected stagnation and resource allocation problem is expected in state-supported institutions, including possible inability of the academe to meet its targeted benchmarks. But the educational institution, no matter how challenged, is always a product of social and economic life, legislative actions and policies, and even of contextual issues including the advancement of technology or the racial tensio ns. All of these are social forces influencing the educational system. But as these social forces are supposed to transcend beyond the sad condition of the educational system and to rise above the circumstances that influence learners’ knowledge acquisition, the education stakeholders should superimpose that curriculum for them to excel from such causality. The curriculum that must be developed should only be responsive to the needs of the corporate world but must also equipped them of knowledge and the universal values that are consistent to the dream of having a national resources that are brilliant, critical, skilled, resilient, culturally-aware, and responsive of sustaining a multicultural identity. As such, the curriculum must emphasize value formation aside from the usual academic courses on science, math, language, and communication. Value-based education uphold that philosophy on valuing self, people, and its environment by exploring all the ethical and moral theories that could be the foundation to improve the moral fiber of a child (Hawkes, 2013). Theories on human behaviours that could assist the young to learn what is right from wrong; moral and immoral; and to make them accountable in their life’s choices and the consequences thereof (Hawkes, 2013). Through this, they will be encouraged find leaders
Richard Cory by Edwin Arlington Robinson Essay Example for Free
Richard Cory by Edwin Arlington Robinson Essay The poem Richard Cory by Edwin Arlington Robinson is a tone rollercoaster. The tone changes throughout the poem. The poem goes from happiness, to envious, ending in depression. The author successfully uses different tones to keep the readers attention and realistically tell a story that can be identified with todays society. The author uses happiness to draw in the readers attention and to keep the reader happy as if he or she was actually there. The author describes Richard Cory in a manor that makes the reader feel like he or she is happy to see Richard walking down the street. The author states: Whenever Richard Cory went down the town, We people on the pavement looked at him: He was a gentleman from sole to crown, Clean favored, and imperially slim. (Robinson 1-4) The author also starts off by giving Richard Cory the characteristics of a happy person instead of a person that was gloomy. The author states: And he was always quietly arrayed, And he was always human when he talked; But still he fluttered pulses when he said, Good-morning, and he glittered when he walked. (Robinson 5-8) LaRue 2 The author does successfully uses the tone of happiness to start off the first two paragraphs of the poem. The second tone used by the author is envious. The author changes the tome from happiness to envious to keep the readers attention. The author makes the reader envy Richard Cory by giving him to envious traits wealth and intelligence. The author writes: And he was rich-yes, richer than a king- And admirably schooled in every grace: In fine, we thought that he was everything To make us wish that we were in his place. (Robinson 9-12) This is true with todays society everyone wants what he or she doesnt have and to be who he or she isnt. The final tone used by the author is depression. This is the most drastic and unexpected change in tone throughout the poem. The author states, And so we worked, and waited for the light, and went without the meat and cursed the bread(Robinson 13-14). This makes the reader depressed for realizing all the sacrifices one makes to get a head in life. Then the most depressing part of the poem is when the author states, And Richard Cory, one calm summer night, Went home and put a bullet through his head. Everyone liked what Richard Cory had on the outside but they never knew what he felt on the inside. In conclusion, even though the author takes the reader on an emotional rollercoaster he keeps the readers attention throughout the poem with his different uses of tone. The three different types of tones the author uses accurately portray how regular society feels toward celebrities. The truth is everyone has problems and even if not financially than some sort of other problem.
Monday, October 14, 2019
Planning and Management of Conferences
Planning and Management of Conferences Manjot Singh Conference: It resembles a formal social gathering between the general populations to share their perspectives on a specific subject. For example, in business and political stream diverse gathering held to discuss the issues with the goal that they can resolve it effectively Conference Management: It is the way toward dealing with a venture, for example, a meeting, tradition, tradeshow, group building action, gathering, or tradition. Occasion arranging incorporates planning, building up timetables, selecting and saving the occasion locales, obtaining licenses, arranging sustenance, organizing transportation, building up a subject, orchestrating exercises, selecting speakers and keynotes, masterminding hardware and offices, overseeing danger, and creating alternate courses of action. Maintain Conferences Management with Tools: There are some best tools which can be used for managing are explained below: Mitingu: Cloud-based occasion administration programming that gives occasion coordinators the apparatuses to make, advance and offer their occasions Double Dutch: Twofold Dutch makes portable applications for occasions, intended to connect with and please participants and create noteworthy achievement measurements Event rit: Occasion ceremony gives financially savvy occasion administration programming to help organizations sort out and offer tickets to occasions online-while peopling find occasions that fuel their interests. From patio grills to classes to gatherings to widely acclaimed film and music celebrations, Occasion custom houses occasions of all shapes and sizes. As one of todays driving occasion administration stages, Occasion ritual conveys inventive innovation and low expenses and if your occasion is free, so is Occasion custom. Take in more. Ivy Occasion Administration: Our Undertaking class, cloud-based Gathering and Occasions Administration programming furnishes occasion coordinators with every one of the devices they have to arrange, showcase and deal with each part of their occasion effectively and all in one place. From basic classes to multi-session meetings, we have you secured. With instinctive programming, delightful web and email formats, and our new move and customize site manufacturer it is simple for anybody to make proficient looking occasion sites and messages. O-Tux: O-Tux is an Australian-based Sales ticketing and enrolment framework that provides food for purchaser, business and corporate occasions. The framework is intended to be simple for coordinators to utilize, while conveying a finish ticketing and enrolment encounter for your clients. From identification printing and filtering, to limited time codes and installing of ticketing all alone site, O-tux is brimming with helpful elements since it was composed by occasions individuals, for occasions individuals. Policies and Procedure: There are some very important policies which one should take care to plan the conference: Anti-Discrimination Policy: It should be necessary for any conference because the main purpose of this is equality and there are certain steps to follow this Uphold proper principles of direct at all times. create a separation and badgering free workplace where all representatives, temporary workers and clients are treated with politeness and regard implement methods to ensure workers know their rights and duties provide a viable system for grumblings in light of the standards of regular equity treat all grumblings with deference in a reasonable, opportune and secret way ensure there is no danger of exploitation or backlash in case of a dissension encourage workers to report ruptures of the counter separation approach Assignments Strategy: It is likewise the real one to take after on the grounds that this approach which is given to the a particular position or an individual They are given to classified positions wherever conceivable with a much littler number of individual positions practicing particular duties identified with the utilitarian part and power of their specific position. The appointments archive is surveyed every year with a view to enhancing its utility and pertinence to the authoritative structure of the College. The designations in this instrument are intended to: A be clear and straightforward; b. establish fitting procedures of duty and responsibility for different regulatory capacities; c. Devolve basic leadership to suitable levels. †¢By determination of the Leading body of Trustees these appointments produce results on and from 1 January 2016 subject to any further revision. They supplant any surviving assignments in past adaptations of this Appointments archive. You have selected the maximum of 4 products toBudget: It is the most important factor because budgeting is very serious. The whole business depends on this category and one should need to learn how to save more money. A project budget is the total sum of money allocated for the particular purpose of the project for a specific period of time. The goal of budget management is to control project costs within the approved budget and deliver the expected project goals that are why it is so important every person and family create a budget that works for them. Item Projected Real Fixed costs Site hire $6000 $6000 Orator fees $300 $150 Publicity $600 $400 Acoustic visual hire $100 $350 Total $7000 $7700 Variable costs Cookery $500 $400 Present bags $1500 $1200 Accommodate hire $1000 $800 Total $3000 $2400 Fixed income Organisations contribution $5000 $5500 Total $5000 $5500 Variable income Permit sales $2000 $1700 Track material $3000 $400 Total $5000 $2100 Strategies for Budget: Strategies of budgeting is important factor which involves clearly defining the organizations mission and an assessment of its current state and competitive landscape. Strategic planning also requires a well-thought out plan for how to properly allocate time, human capital and financial resources. The different strategies are explained below: Recognized settled cost: The principal thing anybody hoping to make a financial plan ought to do is make a rundown of costs. This incorporates things, for example, voyaging costs, convenience, bills and whatever else that cant be maintained a strategic distance from, alongside superfluous costs like stimulation and eating out. Assess the amount you ordinarily spend on each, and make a note alongside them. When this is finished, investigate the rundown. Approximation Profit: Then we need to gauge our wage. Wage can likewise be altered or variable. Altered pay alludes to salary that does not vary with the quantity of participants, for instance: sponsorship and so on. Variable earnings will vary with the quantity of participants, for instance: ticket deals and so forth. Parts of a Financial Plan: An ace spending plan is the money related report utilized for anticipating the salary and costs of an organization, instead of a division, item, or other territory of a business. From the ace spending plan, a little entrepreneur can build up an assortment of reports to set particular objectives for the business. The real parts of an ace spending plan incorporate wage and costs, overhead and creation costs, and the month to month, yearly, normal, and projection aggregates. Income: One of the two fundamental parts of an ace spending plan is salary. This incorporates your deals, as well as any premium, profits, eminences or other capital increases you win. In the event that you wont utilize these last types of salary to run your organization, abandon them off your lord spending plan, making it a working spending plan concentrated on pay from deals. Some ace spending plans incorporate a terrible obligation section, figuring it utilizing a rate of the business wage. Expenses: The other primary part of an ace spending plan is costs. Some little entrepreneurs make sub-parts of their lord spending costs to figure spending ranges they can cut amid moderate times, or to ascertain generation and overhead expenses. A settled cost is one you cant without much of a stretch change from month to month, for example, your lease, protection premium, advance instalment or copier rent. You will probably have the capacity to cut variable costs in case youre short on money, in light of the fact that a significant number of these are optional. Assign repeating variable costs you cant without much of a stretch cut, for example, utilities, telephone bills or work, uniquely in contrast to variable costs you cant change, so you can rapidly discover spots to cut when the need emerges. To make an adaptable spending plan, utilize recipes that change your optional spending taking into account your pay. Projections: An accommodating part of numerous financial plans is the projection adds up to segment, which demonstrates to you how youll end the year in the event that you keep performing at your present levels of pay and spending. These can be skewed on the off chance that you have substantial cost or pay sums ahead of schedule in the year. Taking a gander at your execution for a specific month ordinarily isnt a practical pointer of your general execution, since you will have more bills come due in a few months. Times of higher bills can incorporate the start of the year when expenses are expected, dates when quarterly protection premiums or duties are expected, or times when you have occasional deals crests and valleys. Averaging your month to month pay and costs can help you anticipate your yearly execution in the event that you dont have occasional swings and your costs are genuinely relentless. Planning Conference: Itis very important to handle the work. Being a part of busy Conf and helping conference organizers take their event from idea to launch has shown me that this is true. One of the difficult parts of planning a conference is finding resources to help you organize your event that are affordable, or even free. To save you time when searching for resources, we have compiled a list of conference planning resources that can help you find a venue, book speakers, promote your event, and more. Finding a Setting: Finding and booking a scene can be a distressing background, particularly for first-time gathering coordinators. Leasing a scene is frequently the greatest cost included when arranging a gathering. These instruments make finding and booking settings in your general vicinity less complex and less expensive. Event Hardware: Gear rentals are nearly as distressing as finding a setting. Leasing hardware is frequently costly and tedious. On the off chance that your occasion needs complex sound and visual hardware, leasing and setting it up can be troublesome. These administrations help occasion coordinators find and set up gear. Event Sponsorship: Occasions are costly, and without enough sponsorship cash and a careful spending plan, your arrangements may very well come up short because of an absence of assets. Discovering supporters is something that a great deal of first time coordinators battle with. These assets will help you raise cash for your occasion, discover supports, and make a financial plan. Milestones of Conference: A Milestone is a reference point that marks a major event in a project and is used to monitor the projects progress. The milestones for a project should present a clear sequence of events that will incrementally build up to the completion of the approved project. Expand Proclamation: As we realize that, each individual attempt to enhance his relational abilities. By this he can enhance his identity. Along these lines, the meeting is the most ideal route for each business part to enhance his relational abilities. Moving into Future: If the organization needs to move persistently in future then the gatherings ought to be essential for this on the grounds that by this they can give the more data in market about its items, strategies and methods. Produce Income: Each organization needs to acquire increasingly income. At that point the gathering is likewise the most ideal approach to procure income. Amplify Relations in Market: If the organization needs to build its relations in the market then the gatherings ought to be important in light of the fact that by this each organization can enhance its relations with shareholders, indebted individuals, loan bosses and so forth.
Sunday, October 13, 2019
Moses :: essays research papers fc
The Death of Moses When the saga of Moses comes to an end with the prophet's death, the narrative voice in Deuteronomy 34:9-11 states: "Since then no prophet has risen in Israel like Moses whom the LORD knew face to face." Were the prophets that came after Moses equal to his stature? In determining the answer to this question, by researching this topic I will discuss and look at the entirety of Moses' life as recorded in the Scripture. There are certainly many unique aspects of Moses' life that were not duplicated in the lives of any of the subsequent prophets. For example, Moses was raised as an Egyptian prince. There is noting in the Bible to indicate that he knew of his Israelite heritage until adulthood. True, his own mother was recruited by the Egyptian princess to nurse him through infancy, but there is little to suggest that Moses would have retained any memory or inclination of his heritage from this period (Neufeld, 1993). Yet, despite his acculturation as an Egyptian, he was able to not only accept, but rejoice in his relationship to the Israelite slaves of Egypt. This is certainly a unique characteristic of Moses' life that was not duplicated. Furthermore, no other prophet, save Moses, had the experience of meeting God "face to face" as Moses did on Mt. Sinai with the burning bush. However, the Bible does clearly indicate that other prophets "spoke" to God and received guidance in their own way. As this suggests, it is also possible to argue that there were prophets after Moses equal to him in their relationship to God. This stance is supported, somewhat, in the biblical verses that describe how Moses felt on this topic of shared responsibility for leading the people. These verses describe how two men in the Hebrew camp, Eldad and Medad, felt that the spirit of God came upon them and they began to prophesize within the camp. A young man ran and told Moses what these two men were doing. Joshua, son of Nun and minister to Moses reacted quickly and implored Moses to forbid the men from doing this. However, Moses said to him, "Are you jealous for my sake? Would that all the Lord's people were prophets, that the Lord would put his spirit upon them." After which, Moses and the elders of Israel returned to the camp (Numbers 11:24-30). As this suggests, Moses, certainly, had no qualms about supposing that
Friday, October 11, 2019
Homeless Assistance :: essays research papers fc
a. Issue: Should the homeless assistance program in Sacramento be reformed to give more money to the homeless while allowing them to apply to the program more than once? b. Facts: Currently in Sacramento, the homeless can apply for homeless assistance only once in their lifetime except for certain extenuating situations. The current program is a success. The amount of people in the program living below the poverty line has fallen 21% in the last seven years. Since 2000, the amount of families applying for the program has dropped 69%. Experts claim the fall in numbers comes from the fact that people can't apply more than once. In 1996, the homeless were allowed to apply for assistance more than once in their lifetime, but this was changed as the experts thought there were too many abuses. Now the only time one can get assistance more than once is if the family finds itself homeless again because of domestic violence, the sudden inhabitability of their home, or certain physical or mental illnesses. While these exceptions are good and cover a good deal, they don't get most of the homeless. The program also comes with certain snags. One of these is that the rent o f the housing the assistance goes to must be less than 80% of the maximum amount CalWORKS gives for a family of the same size. The amount of money families have to pay after the assistance to keep the housing usually comes out to about 2/3 of the salary. With the rising housing prices, analysts predict that it is going to be increasingly harder for the homeless to get housing, first time or not. c. Arguments: This issue pretty much breaks down into two sides. Those who wish to change the system (the homeless and their advocates) versus those who defend the status quo (the government). The government's side is simple. This program is a success right now and many people are getting out of poverty. The state also recognizes that California is in a massive debt. Funding for the program, while possible, is not fiscally responsible. As for not allowing the homeless to apply for assistance multiple times, the government holds that there were too many abuses. I could not find any numbers as to how many abuses there have been. Apparently the number was rather high. In the government's eyes, this program is a success and doesn't need to be tampered with.
Knight in Medieval Times
A knight in medieval times is normally recognized as an equipped combatant at the service of the lord or king. Knight was considered a symbol of chivalry and an epitome of bravery in the medieval times. He was regarded as the most skilled person in the art of fighting who worked under the lord and was subjected to his orders and instructions in every affair of life. His leisure time activities were also chivalrous in nature and he remained involved in chivalrous games like duels. He used to possess best Arabian breed of horses that had no match in Europe.â€Å"The close association of the knight and his horse is clearly shown by the titles by which we was known throughout Europe; in France he was a Chevalier, in Italy a Cavalier, in Spain a Caballero, and in Germany a Ritter, from the word meaning to ride. Even the name for the code by which the knight was later bound, Chivalry, derives from the French Cheval. †(The Origins of The Knight) Knight was the production of a practi cal necessity of keeping men of valor and strength to keep the territories and states safe against internal and external threats.That armed knights later became a part of nobility due to the growth and extension of military power and their importance in the affairs of the states. Over a period of five hundreds years, in addition to knights’ military duties and obligations, their socio-political importance led to three other important changes regarding their status in the socio-cultural set-up. This was the steady advancement of knights as a fortunate and advantaged, inherited group.Secondly, a code of chivalry developed naturally that customized and legitimized their code of conducts and elaborated and elevated them to an exclusive social position as a martial privileged class that developed itself into an nobility. The Knights was bound by socio-cultural convention to follow a code of chivalry. This chivalrous was a counter-effective to manifestation of his violent nature du ring battles and wars. Code of chivalry used to be no document system of conduct but it was customary set of rules based on morality and cultural compulsions.Chivalric qualities of an ideal knight during the middle ages under this code are best described in Song of Roland. It reflects that a Knight should be God fearing who could serve his lord in every thick and thin. He must defend the feeble and frail and must abstain himself from giving unnecessary offense to others. He must not fight for his own financial or social gains but for the wellbeing of all.Song of Roland says in this regard: â€Å"A knight should have such valour,/ Who bears arms and sits astride a good horse./ In battle he should be strong and fierce,/ Or else he is not worth four pence. / He ought rather to be a monk in one of those monasteries/ And pray all day long for our sins! †(Song of Roland, laisse 141)Duke of Burgundy recognizes some important characteristics and personality traits of a chivalrous kn ight. â€Å"The words he chose to use to describe the virtues that should be exhibited in the Knights Code of Chivalry were as follows: Faith, Charity, Justice, Sagacity, Prudence, Temperance, Resolution, Truth, Liberality, Diligence, Hope, Valour†.(The Middle Ages Website) So these characteristics of knight were manifestations societal expectations about the code of conduct of knight. Beside all these chivalrous qualities, he was expected to be brave and skillful enough to shows his valor and strength at the battlefield. Another manifestation of chivalrous characteristics was brotherhood at arms. â€Å"Among the gentler features of chivalry may be reckoned the beautiful institution of brotherhood in arms, by which two knights vowed faith to each other.The brothers in arms wore the same arms and clothes, mingled their blood in one vessel, and received the Sacrament together. They engaged to support each other in battle and in all quarrels, and to have the same friends and en emies. †(Knights in Middle Ages) This not only unified the knights of one state but their vows to each other used to augment their strength and confidence. Courtly love was another important development that was directly associated with knight and knighthood. It was one of the most celebrated activities of Knights that is romanticized to a great extent by the medieval literature.Courtly love was eulogized and was considered a noble passion. This form of romantic passion is depicted differently by Chaucer. In his era, the medieval era, relationship between lady and a knight took the form of ‘courtly love’ and was labeled as a noble passion coupled with chivalry and gallantry. In renaissance, love was also considered an ennobling phenomenon but we see concept of romantic and exalted love that has nothing to do with knightly and chivalrous qualities. Chaucer writes about one of the most important activities for a Knight was;To love my lady, whom I love and serve/ d evere shal, til that myn herte sterve. (The Knight’s Tale) Courtly love is not depicted an immodest and lustful phenomenon by Chaucer but it is praised occasionally. Chaucer further shows certain other fine qualities of the contemporary culture pertaining to courtly love. For example, in Knight’s Tale male lover were never usurpers. Following the tradition of courtly love, both knights, Palamon and Arcite disclosed their love for the lady and requested her hand.Both are â€Å"broken al day for love in ech degree. †(The Knight’s Tale)This clearly manifests that culture and value of time pertaining to courtly love strongly prohibited forced love. Furthermore, it shows the individual integrity and honesty within the community. It was knights’ integrity and honesty that did not let them to deceive their lady-love and adopt a proper way to court the lady. This indirectly depicts the rationality level of the people in general and nobility in particular. Loyalty and equality were other ingredients of the courtly love that portrays the values and traditions of the society as a whole. Although Middle Ages’ literature highly romanticize the characteristics of a knight and elevated their characters but many knights were unable to live upto these standards. Chaucer depicts in Canterbury Tales (Wife of Bath’s) the story of knight who raped a lady. This was highly against chivalrous code. As Chaucer’s tales are considered as the mirror image of his contemporary era, so this story was a reflection of the prevailing socio-cultural situations.In another medieval story, Sir Gawain and The Green Knight, we also find some knights who are coward and are not as good as knight Gawain. So it is obvious that not all knights were chivalrous. Above-mentioned arguments and supported evidence clearly manifest that medieval knight were well-mannered, gracious and towering personalities. Their indulgence in courtly love was not a lustf ul affair but it was a based on mutual attraction and admiration was purely a refined and passionate activity that was accepted and sanctioned by social norms.Works CitedChaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. New York: Penguin Classics. 1996.Goldin, Frederick. The Song of Roland. New York: Norton, 1978.Gravett, Christopher. The World of the Medieval Knight. Peter Bedrick Books. New York. 1996.Medieval Spell. Knights in Middle Ages. 12 November 2008 .The Middle Ages Website. Knights Code of Chivalry. 12 November 2008 .The Origins of The Knight. 12 November 2008 .
Thursday, October 10, 2019
In 1485 – 1603 to what extent was the government of England dysfunctional in the mid-Tudor period?
In the context of the years 1485 to 1603 to what extent was the government of England dysfunctional in the mid-Tudor period? During the Tudor Dynasty it is easily thought that the years between 1547 and 1558 were ones of crisis. With the succession of a child and the first woman within England, people have assumed that the years between Henry VIII and Elizabeth I were an unproductive interlude. The mid Tudor period is seen as negative years within the Tudor Dynasty.It is regarded that Henry VIII and Elizabeth I’s reputations were a factor in why historians such as A.F Pollard and S T Bindoff supported the ‘Mid Tudor Crisis’ . The ‘two little Tudors’, referring to Edward and Mary, seemed colourless in comparison to their surrounding successors, so much so that A Pollard says â€Å"Edward was portrayed as a sickly boy who, throughout his reign, was the pawn of two ‘regents’†while Mary was seen as an ‘intolerant, dogmatic and n eurotic woman who failed to produce an heir’ .Therefore it could be seen that people believed the years of crisis were at their most dysfunctional between the years 1547-1558. W R D Jones argued that Edward and Mary’s reigns were a period of religious disruption, large scale disorder and rebellion alongside the inefficiency and sterility in government and administration, social and economic problems and disastrous foreign policy. This supports the description of the mid-Tudor period being dysfunctional. However there could be influence from the 16th Century writers such as John Foxe who was author to ‘Book of Martyrs’, which was written just after Marys death and depicted her as a monster. Foxe was responsible for a lasting picture of Mary as it fitted prejudices of a confident.Under these circumstances it was not surprising that the period 1547 – 1558 were marked by disasters. However historians such as David Loades, Jennifer Loach and Robert Tittl er stress that there was much creativity in the period. Government under Duke of Northumberland and Mary continued to be effective; also there was continuity in religious beliefs and some foreign policy successes. There were problems within Edward and Marys reigns that were also found in times of Henry VIII and Elizabeth’s for example Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536, Spanish Armada in 1588 and social and economic problems in late 1590’s matched those in 1540’s.Therefore the significance of Edward’s and Mary’s reign was what did not happen rather than what did in supporting that their reigns were the least dysfunctional in England. But in order to gain an understanding of whether or not there was a â€Å"Mid-Tudor†crisis in this period, it is important to compare and contrast other periods of the Tudor dynasty. Some revisionist historians argue that certain areas of Henry VII’s reign, 1485-1509, involved a â€Å"crisis†, for exampl e the Pretenders of Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck.Also the death of the next heir to the throne, Arthur Tudor, in 1502, Elizabeth I and the Pilgrimage of Grace, 1536, the greatest rebellion that threatened England during the reign of Henry VIII, which would have caused the monarchy more concern then the alleged Mid-Tudor crisis . Above all this however, was the Spanish Armada in 1588 during the reign of Elizabeth I. The Spanish Armada threatened national security. Revisionist views of this period have already questioned the presence of a dysfunctional government during the reigns of the Mid-Tudors. Historians such as S. J Lee and D.Loades argue that other parts of the Tudor regime were crisis ridden and that the Mid-Tudor period was relatively stable in comparison. When it came to foreign policy, Henry VII was far less extravagant than his son. Henry’s greatest achievement in foreign policy was possibly his alliance with the Catholic monarchs and the Treaty of Medina del Campo in 1489. After his policy successes he suffered a defeat in Brittany which was a low point for the King’s foreign policy. His main weaknesses in his foreign policy were not helped by the successive losses of his family members, firstly his son Arthur in 1502 and then his wife Elizabeth in 1503.He then failed to re-marry and achieve stronger diplomatic relations outside of England following the death of Elizabeth creating a weak government in England. Also the death of Isabella of Castile was another problem for Henry as he would have Ferdinand as his rival instead of an ally over territorial gains in Europe and in the New World. The later years of Henrys foreign policy were definitely his most challenging and difficult period of foreign affairs allowing the government to be weak and therefore vulnerable to a crisis.His son, Henry VIII was a commanding figure who immediately set about wanting to gain respect and authority in Europe. Henry VIII’s foreign policy can be divided into two separate periods of time in which he went to war. The first period was at the beginning of his reign, in 1509-1515, Henry enforced a policy of aggressive and glorious warfare, this policy allowed invasions to occur within in France and Scotland. He was victorious within both invasions however it was an expensive policy to initiate.The second time period was during the years 1540-1547, this is when Henry, yet again, wanted more glory and domination over foreign affairs. This period of foreign policy was extremely expensive and came at a great financial cost. The gaining of Boulogne and loss of military personnel, costing ? 2,144,765, achieved nothing greater than personal glory for Henry showing his reign as one of dysfunction. The disastrous warfare policy in France and Scotland left Henry’s son Edward with little in the treasury and no financial platform to build upon as well as weak alliances with these countries.Therefore Henry VIII weakened the govern ment for his sons reign which could have created a crisis, this supports that the mid-Tudor period was highly influenced by previous successors allowing any dysfunction to be partially blamed outside the years 1547-1558. So when the death of Henry VIII occurred, the throne was left to his child Edward VI in 1547 with England’s financial stability and foreign relation being left in a poor condition with uncertainty on whether it will recover. As Edward was a minor, his two Lord Protectors, firstly the Duke of Somerset and later Northumberland advised Edward with his decisions.Somerset’s administration was faced with rebellions and uprisings in 1549. The rebellions were part of a mixture of religious and social upheaval. Kett’s rebellion in Norfolk, suffered particularly seriously from the enclosure laws . They were not, however, a threat to the ruling dynasty in the way the Pretenders were to Henry VII. With Lord Somerset ruling at the beginning of Edwards reign, England yet again was at war with Scotland; however this time was without royal approval. Somerset funded his efforts against Scotland with money from the debased coinage.It is possible to say that Somerset allowed the foreign policy to dominate over other royal problems, especially the king’s finances, which he lost all control of . The economy within England suffered from inflation after the debasement of the coinage. This was mostly seen in England's wool and cloth exports as they collapsed in 1551, mainly because of prices rising. In 1552, an Act was passed regulating the manufacture of wool to try and encourage trade . The inflationary pressures increased due to a poor harvest in 1548.This led to unrest within the country that then provoked uprisings the following year in Cornwall and Devon . To some historians, it can be viewed that Somerset’s ruling was as if he was the King. This was thought due to Somerset treating Edward as a child and not respecting the Kin g’s authority. The lack of respect and underestimation of Edwards authority ultimately led to Somerset’s death. Due to the rebellions, this period under the ruling of Somerset it would be seen to be leading towards a crisis.The situation was rescued and turned around by the more pragmatic approach of Somerset’s successor, the Duke of Northumberland. Once Edward replaced Somerset and appointed Northumberland as his new protector, Northumberland faced the task of restoring the Crown’s finances. To do this, the expenditure would be reduced to fund the campaigns in France and Scotland. Northumberland entrusted Cecil with reorganising the Crown’s finances. This was seen as an achievement as Cecil managed to gain extra revenue out of the Church.Edward’s protectors Somerset and Northumberland had different ways of ruling. Somerset continued to debase the coinage and spend large amounts of money on placing troops in Scotland and going to war with Fr ance as if the king’s money was limitless. Northumberland on the other hand, helped by Walter Mildmay, the Treasurer, reorganised the governments finances which involved the stopping of debasement and pulling England out of conflicts with France and Scotland. This progress continued in to Mary I reign and then without Mary I, Elizabeth could never have completed the process of recoinage.This is argued in Michael Hutchings article: â€Å"Elizabeth’s government could never have tackled the coinage problem so swiftly had the ground not been prepared†. This allows Edward and Marys reigns to show great improvement and only positive progress regarding finance, therefore turning away from the period being a ‘crisis’. But the greatest action of the Duke of Northumberland’s financial success as Edward’s protector was to put an immediate end to the disastrous foreign wars in Scotland and France, wars which Somerset had financed .Northumberland had gained his funds by signing the Treaty of Boulogne in 1550 this stopped the expenditure flow out of Boulogne. Despite much criticism, Northumberland’s actions in foreign policy were positive due to England gaining financially, a profit of ?133,333 which was received from the French. Even though a truce was decided, there was still a constant threat from the Scots and French to the English security . J. Guy states that Northumberland’s success in foreign policy was due to ending Somerset’s wars . This is because Northumberland had recognised that foreign affairs should not be mixed into a domestic policy, which is something which Somerset failed to understand and led England towards a financial crisis.Edward’s full authority and respect as King is hard to assess, mainly because of his short reign as King and the fact that he had two Protectors at his side constantly. It is well known that Edward was an intellectual and had a strong grasp on how the gov ernment and court functioned due to being well educated and taught about ruling from an early age. But Edward’s death occurred too early to tell if he would have made a successful king.In theory it is thought that he had the skills and knowledge to rule England successfully. In David Starkey’s documentary about the reigns of Edward and Mary, it was said that Edward was â€Å"not a puppet King†and that he made decisions in court due to his knowledge of the government . Edward was naturally studious, intelligent and a devout Protestant. Apparently he was always self-disciplined and gained advanced knowledge of government, economics and the nobility from an early age due to his Father, Henry VIII, relying on his male heir to be his successor.Edward made decisions in his own interests, for example the disposal of Somerset. The King showed a lack of emotion and was described as â€Å"mature and driven†which was a combination of qualities from his two previou s successors. This does not support the belief of the mid-Tudor period being dysfunctional due to the qualities of Edward being a strong combination of the positive and successful qualities of the previous reigns, showing a solid base of a successful reign. After the death of the boy King Edward, for the first time a woman gained the throne of England.Mary’s initial concern before her rise to the throne was marriage and producing an heir for her reformed Catholic society. Foreign policy was not high on Mary’s list of priorities. Therefore the preference of gaining a foreign husband in Philip II of Spain allowed an Anglo-Spanish alliance against European rivals and gained Mary a husband. But her aim to gain a foreign husband was not welcomed by the English people as many felt that a male foreign ruler would take the control of England from the authority of Mary.This led the marriage to result in immediate discontent which brought uprisings in the country. The most threa tening rebellion was Wyatt’s Rebellion in 1554. The Wyatt rebellion arguably was the greatest threat to Mary’s reign. The social unrest brought into England, due to high unemployment figures was evident as many chose not recognise a foreign ruler in an English government. Although it represented a real threat to Mary the uprising never had the backing or strength to take over and control Mary so the possibility of a crisis was avoided.One of Mary’s greatest achievements economically, however, was her government’s plans for recoinage. Even though the completion of the recoinage took place after her death in Elizabeth’s reign, according to C. E. Challis ‘Elizabeth could never have tackled the problem of the coinage either as quickly or as effectively as she did had it not been so thoroughly aired amongst government officials in the immediately preceding years’ . This supports the purpose of Marys reign and shows that her reign was not an unproductive interlude before Elizabeth’s reign.David Loades supports the positive view towards Mary. He states that â€Å"she succeeded in enforcing her will over three major matters: her marriage, the return to Rome and the declaration of war†. In M. Hutchings article of Mary Tudor, he makes the statement that â€Å"Mary gave financial stability†¦ countered unemployment and social problems. Above all, simply by establishing her own claim to the throne and maintaining it, Mary re-established the legitimacy of the Tudor succession†. The Succession of Elizabeth I after Mary I as Queen of England occurred in 1558.The reputation of Elizabeth I is of high standard and she is considered as good as English monarch as some of the male rulers. The foundations of this reputation were found in the impressive nature of the Elizabethan court, the development of the English culture, the defeat of the Spanish Armada and her successful re-creation of the Church of Engl and following the death of the Catholic Mary I . However, during Elizabeth’s reign as Queen was full of revolts and uprisings. These included key revolts the Northern Earls revolt in 1569, The Ridolfi plot of 1571 and the Babington plot of 1586 which aimed to remover Elizabeth from the throne.The plots were due to the social, economic and religious unrest within England. The rise in population and vagrancy were issues in which Elizabeth had to contend with. Therefore these revolts do not portray a Queen who did not face crises throughout her long reign and also display more serious displays of dysfunction than that of the mid-Tudor period. During Elizabeth’s reign the Spanish Armada and social discontent was much more of a threat to the English crown than any other rebellion or foreign policy with the other monarchs in the Mid-Tudor period.The real possibility of invasion from a foreign force was more of a threat than any other rebellion during the reigns of Edward VI and Mary I but due to their successful reigns this was avoided. This is the Armada Portrait which was taken after her victory against the Spanish Armada. It depicts Elizabeth as the gloriana figure in her country. The picture portrays a stormy, defeatist view of the Spanish loss against the English navy with the picture showing light shaded sky, calm and steady water and the English navy in the foreground on the left side.On the right of the picture is the defeated Spanish Armada. However what dominates the picture is Elizabeth herself. The portrait displays Elizabeth in all her glory, with her flame red hair and whitened face . Her dress and jewels show her power as well as beauty. The portrait captures Elizabeth as a very beacon of defiance which suggests that her reign was one of no dysfunction but as one of many successes and victory, however due to much propaganda within the era this could be an unfair representation of Elizabeth’s reign.This portrait is named the Rainbo w portrait and Elizabeth is displayed in a light tone again. The crown symbolises her royalty and her clothes suggest that her royal magnificence and aura over the English people is maintained due to their extravagance. Elizabeth is holding a rainbow in her right hand. The rainbow symbolizes peace, and the inscription reminds viewers that only the queen's wisdom can ensure peace and prosperity . This could suggest that she is an idol to her people for showing defiance in the tough periods of the 1590s when poverty was rife and harvests failed in England.The snake on her left arm also denotes the wisdom of the Queen. The whole portrait is one of a warning to those who oppose Elizabeth. At the time of this portrait, Elizabeth was 60 years of age, the light shades of the portrait show the Queen as a youthful and a beautiful figure who is in control of her country. In the rainbow portrait, Elizabeth is ageless . All this is powerful propaganda and shaped people’s opinions and vie ws of her, this suggests that she needed to create a false view of herself in order to make up for the dysfunction during her reign.During the years 1485 to 1603 it is certain that financially they were extremely unstable in many different moments during the reigns of each monarch. Henry VII was the only monarch that kept control of his money and died with money left to pass down, this is the main reason as to why Henry VII is regarded as a successful King. However the enclosure issue and the Cornish rebellion threatened to drain him financially. So at the end of his reign, Henry’s popularity suffered greatly but despite this, Henry VII was able to provide his son with a large treasury to start him off as King.Henry VIII however failed to follow in his father’s footsteps. Even though Henry VIII did gain financially through the Break with Rome and the Dissolution of the Monasteries in 1536, within his second period of â€Å"aggressive and glorious†warfare he use d all his money to go to war which left him with nothing financially. Even though during the next two reigns social unrest and major propaganda took hold, Mary in particular was effective in controlling the masses with her councillors and effective revenue and recoinage reforms.Also Edward was able to manipulate his two Lord Protectors despite being a minor; he had very good intellectual knowledge of the process of government and had the power to implement his policy into the country. The governments of the two monarchs were kept intact and were not as faction-ridden as Henry VIII’s final years as King. The Mid-Tudors if anything strengthened the finances of the government; stabilized the government and increased the diplomatic skills of the monarchy.The most significant part of the reigns is what didn’t occur as there was no breakdown in parliament, no overhaul of Royal Supremacy, no foreign invasion and no civil wars. Historians such as S. J Lee and D. Loades have pr esented the question of â€Å"Was there a Mid-Tudor crisis? †They reviewed the Mid Tudor period and allowed an argument to support Mary’s and Edwards reigns as the opposite of a crisis. Therefore I believe that the â€Å"Mid-Tudor crisis†is an over-exaggeration to describe the period of Edward and Mary.Even though there were a number of personal crises to test the Mid-Tudor monarchs such as being a child and the first woman on the throne, but nothing that threatened the public order, government and security. This is in comparison to other events during the period of 1485-1603, the Pilgrimage of Grace in 1536 threatened national security more than Wyatt’s rebellion of 1554. The pretenders to Henry VII’s throne, Lambert Simnel and Perkin Warbeck threatened to de-stabilize a Tudor regime that had only just begun following the Wars of the Roses in the 15th Century.And Elizabeth was not the â€Å"golden monarch†that she was portrayed as follow ing the succession crisis of 1603. The conclusion is that the Mid-Tudors have been unfairly criticized during their reigns due to the way in which they were depicted by their people and historian commentators, such as John Foxe, and it was until recently revisionist historians started to review the events of the Mid-Tudor period presenting an argument against the time period being a ‘crisis’ but as one of tests and tribulations that were all over come, showing a period of an effective government of England.
Wednesday, October 9, 2019
Law in relation to Data Protection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Law in relation to Data Protection - Essay Example In the present set-up of the society, a lot of people's data are misused by others for money laundering, loans, misrepresentations and other similar occurrences which sometimes creates unfavorable scenario those who owns such data. In doing such, the people who handle data must realize that they are the ones who are being trusted to keep such variables and their primary concern is to keep those as confidential as possible. The case of Creative is no different from the aforementioned premise as they deal with numerous data from the people who in one way or the other factors for them to generate income. In this case, they must bear in mind that they should be responsible in storing and keeping such entries. Also, the awareness of Creative that they are accountable to the law should there be cases of leakage and mishandlings of data. In dealing with similar occurrences, the example of Creative computers suggests that this company has the freehand of access of data from both the buyers and sellers of the computers. Upon reviewing their process of data, one might say that Creative Computers is organized in sorting the information of data from the buyer and seller which is a practical way of referencing. In this case, the data would help Creative computers track transactions that entered the company and therefore it is very crucial to have these kinds of data. Also, several factors including the profile of the person who sells the computer unit is a vital data for Creative Computers as this kind of practice assures them that the quality and the origin of the computer units to be sold. It is a common thought that computers do not have serial numbers and they are not subject for registration like vehicles in which in case of loss and similar instances could be traced down because of its plate numbers. The move of creative company to obtain details from the two parties would also help them locate the sellers if in case there are problems that would arise-instances such as warranty concerns, theft and other related phenomenon are of big help in resolving these kinds of problems. The sorting out of data is indeed a good step for the sake of classification which would prevent confusion in the future should there be changes in the company or with these two parties. However, in handling these data, there are a lot of queries that are in need of answers. There are things that are needed to be clarified in order to ensure that the data that are being obtained are kept within the prescribed bounds of law. On the second thought, Creative Computers must be aware that there would come a time that problems might arise with regards to handling of data. There are scenarios that might confuse Creative Computers with regards to handling of Data. For example, a certain customer who bought the computer from the seller wishes to obtain the information from the seller as police authorities accused the latter as involved in fencing as it was known to them that the computer set was stolen. The problem is, does creative computers owns the right of divulging the information to the buyer Another scenario would be there is a mistake committed by the seller as he sold the other item rather than the intended one. To be able to obtain the computer set
Tuesday, October 8, 2019
Corporate Manslaughter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words
Corporate Manslaughter - Essay Example If the director or senior manager is found guilty then the company is also found guilty. But if the director or senior manager is found to be innocent then even the company is found to be innocent. (Bergman, 2003) Involuntary manslaughter is when someone kills without actually intending to cause death or serious hurt but was blameworthy in some way. There are multiple categories of manslaughter. There is also a concept of gross negligence manslaughter. According to the Crown Prosecution Service there are various factors to be taken into consideration before a company can be prosecuted for gross negligence manslaughter. The first factor to be considered is that there was a duty of care owed by the accused to the deceased. The second factor to be proved is that there was a breach of duty of care by the charged. The third factor to be proved is that the death of the deceased was caused by the breach of duty of care by the accused. The fourth important factor to be considered is that the breach of duty of care by the accused was big enough to be characterised as gross negligence and therefore an offense. Under the current law it is mandatory to identify a specific individual as a controlling mind who is personally guilty of manslaughter. ... This is the biggest stumbling block in trying to prove corporate manslaughter. In spite of very serious failures by the directors and senior managers of large companies it has been very difficult to prosecute them. One of the reasons is that large companies frequently assign safety decisions to junior managers or to outside agencies. (Bergman, 2003) In the past some large companies have been charged for manslaughter but unfortunately all the cases have failed. The Herald of Free enterprise sank off the coast of Zeeburgge in March 1987 shortly after it had left the port with its bow doors open. The trail collapsed during its initial stages. The judge ruled that there was no sufficient evidence of negligence on the part of the directors or senior managers which possibly could have resulted in the disaster in which 193 passengers were killed. (Bergman, 2003) The Southall rail crash occurred in September 1997 on the Great Western Railway Line at Southall. Six people were killed and over a 150 people were injured. The crash occurred when 1032 Great Western Intercity from Swansea to London Paddington which was operating with a defective Automatic Warning System indicator went through a red signal and collided with a goods train (Southall Rail Crash, 2006). The company was exonerated of corporate manslaughter after Scott Baker J ruled that the liability of manslaughter can only be imposed on the company on the principle of identification. (Simester and Sullivan, 2002) The Crown Prosecution Service tried to impeach the company without prosecuting any individual director or manager. But due to the court ruling the case could not go ahead on this basis. The company was fined 1.5 million pounds after it pleaded guilty to
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